Nephrotic Syndrome

Alternate Name: See Also Syndromes: Nephrotic Syndrome

Test:

Renal biopsy (+), U.protein (VH), S.albumin (L),U.glucose (+), S.globulins (alpha , and gamma (L), alpha , and pi (H)), S.fibrinogen (H), S.choles­terol (H), S.triglycerides (H), U.microscopy (casts and cells), Hb (L)

Sign:

Pitting oedema, pleural effusion, shifting dullness,fluid thrill (ascites), hypertension

Dd:

Glomerulonephritis, SLE, polyarteritis, amyloido-sis, renal vein thrombosis, diabetes, myxoedema, multiple myeloma, malaria, toxins, drugs, neo­plasms

Phys:

Syndrome characterised by heavy urinary protein loss. Many causes, including those listed in DD above. May be idiopathic in children