Nephrolithiasis

Alternate Name: Kidney Stones Calculi, Renal

Test:

U.protein (+), U.blood (+), U.microscopy (cells &crystals + or -), S.calcium (N or H), U.calcium (N or H), S.uric acid (N or H), calculi microscopy (de­termine types)

Sign:

Dd:

Pyelonephritis, renal TB, renal tumour, renal in-farct, appendicitis, peptic ulcer, cholecystitis, pan­creatitis, peritonitis

Phys:

Calculi of the urinary tract may be formed from calcium, oxalate, urate or cystine. CaUse acute pain if moving in ureter, or asymptornago if sta­tionary