Diabetes Mellitus, Types One and Two

Alternate Name:

Test:

GTT (AB), U. & B.giucose (H), U.ketones (+),S.insulin (L type 1 diabetes), glycosylated Hb (H), S.glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (+ type 1 diabetes, diabetic tendency), ainsulinoma as­sociated 2 antibodies (+ or - type 1 diabetes), afructosamine (H), S.islet cell autoantibodies (+ type I diabetes)

Sign:

Ankle jerk and other reflexes, cachexia (severe),Argyll-Robertson pupils, Charcot's joints, hepato­megaly, hyperventilation (acidosis), large kid­neys, Kussmaul's breathing, lens opacity (cata­ract), onycholysis, retinal exudates, retinal haem­orrhages, xanthomatosis

Dd:

Renal disease, pregnancy and stress can all cause glycosuria

Phys:

Complications include retinal damage, arterial disease, neuropathies, ketoacidosis, peripheral gangrene and coma