| ID | 388 |
|---|---|
| Name | BRONCHOPNEUMONIA Please see in the section of Neonatology under neonatal infections. |
| Cause | Bronchopneumonia is mostly caused by a bacterial infection, but it can also be caused by a viral infection or a fungal infection. |
| Signs Symptoms | Symptoms of bronchopneumonia in adults and children fever. a cough that brings up mucus. shortness of breath. chest pain. rapid breathing. sweating. chills. headaches. |
| Diagnosis | Blood tests. Blood tests are used to confirm an infection and to try to identify the type of organism causing the infection. However, precise identification isn't always possible. Chest X-ray. This helps diagnose pneumonia and determine the extent and location of the infection. However, i Pulse oximetry. This measures the oxygen level in your blood. Pneumonia can prevent your lungs from moving enough oxygen into your bloodstream. Sputum test. A sample of fluid from your lungs (sputum) is taken after a deep cough and analyzed to help pinpoint the cause of the infection. CT scan. If your pneumonia isn't clearing as quickly as expected, Pleural fluid culture. A fluid sample is taken by putting a needle between ribs from the pleural area and analyzed to help determine the type of infection. |
| Investigations | A chest X-ray is often used to diagnose pneumonia. Blood tests, such as a complete blood count (CBC) see whether immune system is fighting an infection. Pulse oximetry measures how much oxygen is in your blood |
| Management | Treatment for pneumonia involves curing the infection and preventing complications. People who have community-acquired pneumonia usually can be treated at home with medication. Although most symptoms ease in a few days or weeks, the feeling of tiredness can persist for a month or more. Specific treatments depend on the type and severity of your pneumonia, age and overall health. The options include: Antibiotics. Cough medicine. Fever reducers/pain relievers. These include drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen and acetaminophen Hospitalization Patient may need to be hospitalized if: are older than age 65 are confused about time, people or places kidney function has declined systolic blood pressure is below 90 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) or your diastolic blood pressure is 60 mm Hg or below breathing is rapid (30 breaths or more a minute) need breathing assistance temperature is below normal heart rate is below 50 or above 100 may be admitted to the intensive care unit if you need to be placed on a breathing machine (ventilator) or if your symptoms are severe. Children may be hospitalized if: They are younger than age 2 months They are lethargic or excessively sleepy They have trouble breathing They have low blood oxygen levels They appear dehydrated |
| Introduction | |
| History | |
| Etiology | see under cause |
| Clinical Features | see under symptoms |
| Preventions | Vaccines can help prevent some types of pneumonia. Good hygiene (washing hands often), quitting smoking, and keeping immune system strong by getting regular physical activity and eating healthy are other ways to lower risk of getting pneumonia |
| Treatment | Fluoroquinolones. Cephalosporins. Macrolides. Monobactams. Antibiotics, Lincosamide. Tetracyclines. Carbapenems. Oxazolidinones. |
| Complications | |
| Prognosis | |
| Types | Bronchopneumonia: A descending infection started around bronchi and bronchioles, which then spreads locally into the lungs. Lower lobes are usually involved. ... Lobar pneumonia: Acute exudative inflammation of the entire lobe. |
| Classification | |
| Observation | |
| Pathology |
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