| ID | 43 |
|---|---|
| Name | GIARDIASIS |
| Cause | |
| Signs Symptoms | |
| Diagnosis | |
| Investigations | Investigations: 1. Demonstration of cysts on microscopy of fresh stool or trophozoites in jejunal aspirate. 2. Tests for steatorrhoea, malabsorption of vit B12, xylose, lactose intolerance etc. |
| Management | Management: 1. Tinidazole 2gm (or 40mg/kg) as a single dose for once (cure rates, 80-95%). Or, 2. Metronidazole 2gm daily as a single dose for 3 successive days, or 400mg 3 times daily for 7-10 days (cure rates, not more than 90%). Or, 3. Secnidazole 2gm as a single dose, once only. Or, 4. Albendazole 400mg daily for 5 days may be given alternatively in the treatment of giardiasis, (cure rates, 10-95%). N.B: As none of the above drugs cure more than 90% of infections, retreatment with an alternative drug may be given. |
| Introduction | Giardiasis, infection of the upper small intestine due to the flagellated protozoan Giardia intestinalis (Giardia lamblia). The parasite is present worldwide but common in tropical areas. The infection may be entirely asymptomatic or may produce diarrhoea with severe malabsorption. People of all age group are affected, but particularly high among the children. Incubation period is 1-3 weeks |
| History | |
| Etiology | |
| Clinical Features | Clinical features: Patients with giardia infection usually present with- 1. Acute or chronic diarrhoea, mild to severe, with bulky, greasy or frothy, malodorous stools with no blood or pus. Diarrhoea gradually becomes steatorrhoea. 2. Abdominal pain or cramp, distention, excessive flatulence, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, lethergy, lassitude & weight loss. 3 Many patients with giardiasis are asymptomatic and only identified by isolating giardia cysts or trophozoites from their stools, so they are considered as carriers. |
| Preventions | |
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