| ID | 303 |
|---|---|
| Name | AMENORRHOEA |
| Cause | Amenorrhoea is the absence of menstrual periods. The most common cause is hormone disruption, which can be due to emotional stress, extreme weight loss, excessive exercise or certain reproductive disorders. |
| Signs Symptoms | Milky nipple discharge. Hair loss. Headache. Vision changes. Excess facial hair. Pelvic pain. Acne. |
| Diagnosis | Tests A variety of blood tests may be necessary, including: Pregnancy test. This will probably be the first test your doctor suggests, to rule out or confirm a possible pregnancy. Thyroid function test. Measuring the amount of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in your blood can determine if your thyroid is working properly. Ovary function test. Measuring the amount of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in your blood can determine if your ovaries are working properly. Prolactin test. Low levels of the hormone prolactin may be a sign of a pituitary gland tumor. Male hormone test. If you're experiencing increased facial hair and a lowered voice, your doctor may want to check the level of male hormones in your blood. Hormone challenge test For this test, you take a hormonal medication for seven to 10 days to trigger menstrual bleeding. Results from this test can tell your doctor whether your periods have stopped due to a lack of estrogen. Imaging tests Depending on your signs and symptoms — and the result of any blood tests you've had — your doctor might recommend one or more imaging tests, including: Ultrasound. This test uses sound waves to produce images of internal organs. If you have never had a period, your doctor may suggest an ultrasound test to check for any abnormalities in your reproductive organs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI uses radio waves with a strong magnetic field to produce exceptionally detailed images of soft tissues within the body. Your doctor may order an MRI to check for a pituitary tumor. |
| Investigations | Laboratory examination of a blood sample is useful in the diagnosis of amenorrhea, as it can help to understand any hormonal imbalances that may be associated with the condition. Blood tests can assist in monitoring: Thyroid function: based on level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Ovary function: based on level of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Pituitary function: based on level of prolactin hormone Androgenic hormones, such as testosterone Other Diagnostic Tests Other diagnostic tests that may help include imaging tests such as: Ultrasound imaging Computed tomography (CT) scan Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
| Management | Treatment depends on the underlying cause of your amenorrhea. In some cases, birth control pills or other hormone therapies can restart your menstrual cycles. Amenorrhea caused by thyroid or pituitary disorders may be treated with medications |
| Introduction | |
| History | |
| Etiology | see under cause |
| Clinical Features | see under symptoms |
| Preventions | Try to maintain a healthy diet and exercise plan |
| Treatment | Treatment depends on the underlying cause of your amenorrhea. In some cases, birth control pills or other hormone therapies can restart your menstrual cycles. Amenorrhea caused by thyroid or pituitary disorders may be treated with medications |
| Complications | Infertility and problems with pregnancy. If you don't ovulate and don't have menstrual periods, you can't become pregnant. ... Psychological stress. ... Osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. ... Pelvic pain. |
| Prognosis | |
| Types | Amenorrhoea means absence of menstruation in a female of menstrual age. It is a symptom rather than a disease. Types: A. False amenorrhoea B. True amenorrhoea 1. Physiological amenorrhoea 2. Pathological amenorrhoea a. Primary amenorrhoea b. Secondary amenorrhoea |
| Classification | |
| Observation | |
| Pathology |
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