| ID | 288 |
|---|---|
| Name | ALLERGIC RHINITIS (Nasal Allergy) |
| Cause | Predisposing factor: 1. Hereditary 2. Psychological. 3. Endocrinal- puberty, pregnancy. 4. Temperature variation. Precipitating factors: 1. Inhalants: pollen, dust, smoke. 2. Ingestants: foods e.g egg, prawn & other fishes. 3. Infections: bacteria, virus 4. Drug: aspirin, iodine, antibiotic. 5. Synthetic material. |
| Signs Symptoms | sneezing. an itchy nose. a runny or blocked nose. itchy, red and watery eyes. a cough. the roof of your mouth being itchy. |
| Diagnosis | Clinically and The basophil activation test (BAT) is a useful tool for the diagnosis of allergic phenotypes of rhinitis, as the presence of IgE-dependent allergen-specific responses in allergic patients can be demonstrated indirectly through a positive response in this patient-friendly method |
| Investigations | The basophil activation test (BAT) is a useful tool for the diagnosis of allergic phenotypes of rhinitis, as the presence of IgE-dependent allergen-specific responses in allergic patients can be demonstrated indirectly through a positive response in this patient-friendly method |
| Management | Management: 1. Prophylactic- precipitating factors (allergen) should be removed or avoided. 2. During attacks- antihistaminic drugs, nasal decongestant drops (e.g oxymetazoline 0.05%) may be given. 3. Steroid inhaler- cortisone preparation is prescribed in extreme & intractable cases (e.g Beconase inhaler). 4. Surface electrocautery, submucosal diathermy etc. may be done in rare cases. 5. General body nutrition is improved by vitamin C, B-complex & good diet. |
| Introduction | |
| History | |
| Etiology | See under causes |
| Clinical Features | Clinical features: 1. Characteristic features are bouts of sneezing followed by rhinorrhoea- clear watery discharge which is profuse in amount. 2. Nasal obstruction which is alternating in character. 3. Nasal irritation & anosmia are common. 4. Nasal mucosa is oedematous, pale, & boggy in appearance. |
| Preventions | Don't touch or rub your nose. Wash your hands often with soap and water. Use a vacuum with a CERTIFIED asthma & allergy friendly® filter to reduce allergen exposure while vacuuming. Wash your bed linens and pillowcases in hot water and detergent to reduce allergens. |
| Treatment | Glucococorticoid nasal sprays — Nasal glucocorticoids (steroids) delivered by a nasal spray are the first-line treatment for the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. These drugs have few side effects and dramatically relieve symptoms in most people |
| Complications | Runny nose Itchy eyes Sneezing Red eyes Cough Fatigue Ear infection Headache Sinusitis |
| Prognosis | |
| Types | |
| Classification | |
| Observation | |
| Pathology | Allergic inflammation affects target cells, such as epithelial cells, fibroblasts, vascular cells, and airway smooth muscle cells, which become an important source of inflammatory mediators. Sensory nerves are sensitized and activated during allergic inflammation and produce symptoms. |
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