| ID | 225 |
|---|---|
| Name | ABSCESS |
| Cause | |
| Signs Symptoms | |
| Diagnosis | |
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| Management | |
| Introduction | An abscess is a localized collection of pus in a cavity lined by pyogenic membrane. Bacteria which cause pus formation reach the infected area by- - direct infection through a penetrating wound. - local extension from some adjacent focus of infection. - lymphatics. - blood stream (hematogenous) Pyogenic membrame: It is the area immediately around the abscess, infiltrated with leucocyte and bacteria. Pus: Liquefied tissue, dead leucocytes & bacteria. |
| History | |
| Etiology | |
| Clinical Features | Clinical feature: Symptoms: 1. Illness depending on the size of the abscess. 2. Throbbing pain- severe in dependent part. Signs: A. Generalised- Raised temparature. Bacteremia Septicemia severe cases Rigor. B. Local- 1. Heat. 2. Redness. 3. Tenderness. 4. Swelling. 5. Loss of function. 6. Fluctuation. |
| Preventions | Prevention: An abscess sometimes can be aborted by antibiotics e.g tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, rest and if possible elevation of the affected part. |
| Treatment | Treatment: 1. As soon as pus is diagnosed, the abscess must be incised and dependent drainage instituted. 2. In regions where incisions are fraught with danger of important anatomical structures as in neck or axilla, a modification of Hiltons method should be used- a. Incision of the skin and superficial fascia. b. Opening the abscess by a pair of sinus forcep. c. Separating the blade- sufficiently large opening is made. d. Insert a finger convert loculi into a single cavity. e. Insert a drainage tube. f. C/S of the pus and proper antibiotic to be given. Errors in treatment- 1. Once pus has formed antibiotic alone will not suffice. Indeed, the inflammation continues surrenders & a hard, lump forms called an ‘antibioma’. 2. Malignant lump or aneurysm may be mistaken as an abscess. |
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