| ID | 210 |
|---|---|
| Name | URTICARIA |
| Cause | |
| Signs Symptoms | |
| Diagnosis | |
| Investigations | |
| Management | Management: 1. Any obvious cause should be avoided. 2. Underlying systemic coditions should be treated. 3. Acute and subacute cases respond well to fexofenadine (a new generation of nonsedative anti-histamine) 60-120mg once daily. 4. In chronic cases: different antihistamin combinations may have to be tried. 5. For local treatment- lotio calamine can be applied. 6. Treatment of acute emergency condition- (acute respiratory truct obstruction) a. Inj. adrenalin (1 in 1000) 0.5 ml i.m or s.c followed by i.v chlorpheniramine l0mg plus i.v hydrocortisone l00mg. b. Tracheostomy- if needed, c. Treatment of anaphylactic shock |
| Introduction | This is a localised or generalised vascular reaction of the upper dermis characterised by transient appearance of slightly elevated patches (wheals) due ot exposure to some endogenous or exogenous allergens. |
| History | |
| Etiology | Etiology: 1. Physical agents heat, cold, trauma, stings, sun expsoure. 2. Drugs- liver extract, penicillin, serum, aspirin etc. 3. Food- shell fish, eggs etc. 4. Parasitic infestations by ascaris, giardia, lice, fleas etc. 5. Infection- infectious mononucliosis, hepatitis etc. 6. Emotional stress etc. |
| Clinical Features | Clinical features: 1. The eruptions appear as raised wheals surrounded by a zone of erythema. 2. Wheals vary in sizes & may blend together & extremely itchy. 3. There may be swelling of the skin known as Angio neurotic oedema or giant urticaria. 4. The swelling may involve the mucous membrane of mouth & throat & may give rise to respiratory obstruction. 5. Discomfort & low grade fever may be present. 6. Blood examination shows eosinophilia. |
| Preventions | |
| Treatment | |
| Complications | Complications: 1. Anaphylactic shock- pallor, sweating, hypotension, collapse etc. 2. Obstruction of the respiratory tract- bronchospasm, nausea, vomiting, angiooeadma etc |
| Prognosis | |
| Types | |
| Classification | |
| Observation | |
| Pathology |
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