| ID | 205 |
|---|---|
| Name | ECZEMA |
| Cause | |
| Signs Symptoms | |
| Diagnosis | |
| Investigations | Investigations: 1. Blood T.C., D.C., E.S.R. 2. Urine R/M/E. 3. Stool R/M/E. 4. Skin scraping from margin of lesion for microscopic exam. 5. Skin biopsy for histopathology- spongiosis (edema of the epidermis), acanthosis (thickening of the epidermis), hyperkeratosis. |
| Management | Management:1.2 A. Local: 1. Acute weeping stage- a. Wash the lesion with any of the following lotions. - Lotiocondis or potassium permanganate (1 in 1000) once daily. Or, - Lotioaluminium subacetate 5%. b. Lotio calamina 5% apply 4 times daily after washing. c. Apply steroid (betamethasone, hexamethasone) cream 2 times daily, d. If any infection give antibiotic. 2. Sub-acute stage: a. Wash once daily with potassium permanganate, b. Apply steroid cream 2 times daily. 3. Chronic stage: Apply steroid ointment 2 times daily. B. Systemic treatment: 1. Antihistamine (chlorpheniramine maleate) 5-10mg 3 times daily. 2. Tab. Diazepam 5mg. at bed time. 3. Antibiotic- advice an appropriate antibiotic, if there is sign of bacterial infection. 4. If all these measures fail, then give a short course of steroid orally, such as prednisolone 20-40mg daily in divided doses for 1-2 weeks. C. General measures: 1. Diet should be adequate & eggs, fish, milk, wheat, oranges should be avoided. 2. Avoid wools, synthetic fibers, & other irritants, e.g soaps, drugs & chemicals. 3. Try to avoid anxiety. |
| Introduction | Eczema is a specific pattern of non-contagious form of inflammation of skin causd by external or internal factor, clinically characterised by itching, erythema, oedema, minute papulation, vesiculation, pastulation, oozing & crusting in early stage and later by scaling, lichenification and often pigmentation. Skin inflammation is usually due to endogenous agents; hereditary tendency to develop allergic responses to various allergens. Prick test to common allergens are positive and IgE level is high. |
| History | |
| Etiology | |
| Clinical Features | Clinical features: 1. Acute weeping eczema- a. The area of lesion becomes erythematous & oedematous. b. Appearance of papule & vesicle. c. Intense itching & oozing. d. Pustule due to secondary infection. 2 Sub-acute eczema- i. Less itching ii. Less exudation iii. crust formation iv. Hyperpigmentation due to separation of crusts. 3. Chronic eczema- The area of lesion is hyperpigmented or darken or lichenified. |
| Preventions | |
| Treatment | |
| Complications | |
| Prognosis | |
| Types | |
| Classification | Classification: A. Etiological classification 1. Exogenous or contact - Irritant - Allergic. 2. Endogenous or constitutional - Atopic - Drug eruptions. -Seborrhoeic - Neurodermatitis. -Discoid - Gravitational. -Exfoliative - Pompholyx. B. Clinical classification 1. Acute weeping lesions. 2. Subacute or scaly lesion. 3. Chronic, dry lichenified lesion. |
| Observation | |
| Pathology |
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