| ID | 195 |
|---|---|
| Name | ANCYLOSTOMIASIS |
| Cause | |
| Signs Symptoms | |
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis: Diagnosis is confirmed by demonstration of eggs in the stool. Occult blood test will be positive. Blood examination may show mild eosinophilia and microcytic hypochromic anemia. |
| Investigations | |
| Management | |
| Introduction | Ancylostomiasis is caused by parasitisation of the small intestine with Ancylostoma duodenale or Necator americanus. Mode of Infection: Ancyclostomiasis occurs when man walks bare foot on the contaminated soil. The filariform larve penetrate directly through the skin. The common sites of their entry are thin skin between the toes, the dorsum of the feet, the inner side of the sole etc. Infection may occur by accidental drinking of water contaminated with filariform larve. |
| History | |
| Etiology | |
| Clinical Features | Clinical features: 1. At the time of infection hookworm dermatitis (ground itch) may be experienced. 2. In heavy infection- a paroxysmal cough with blood stained sputum may occur associated with patchy, pulmonary consolidation when the larve breakthrough the pulm. capillaries and enter alveoler spaces. 3. When the worms have reached the small intestine, vomiting and epigastric pain may ensue. Sometimes loose stools are passed. 4. In undernourished or in children when there is a heavy infection- a severe iron deficiency anemia and hypoproteinemia may develop with a puffy face, peripheral oedema or ascites, tachycardia, breathlessness and signs of cardiac failure. 5. The mental and physical development of children may be retarted. |
| Preventions | |
| Treatment | Treatment: 1. Mebendazole 100mg. twice daily orally for three days. Or, 2. Pyrantel pamoate, 10mg/kg daily orally for 3 days. Or, 3. Levamisole 120mg (40mg tablet x 3) in a single dose (adult) after a light breakfast is effective. Or, 4. Albendazole 400mg (2 tablets or 1 DS tablet) as a single dose in adult & children over 2 years. Under 2 years a single dose of 200mg is effective in common infections. A second course may be given after 3 weeks if not cured. 5. Oral iron therapy for anemia. 6. If there is severe anemia blood transfusion should be given slowly with frusemide 20mg in each unit. 7. Nutrition should be improved. 8. Wearing shoes should be encouraged. 9. Antihelminthic drug (as above) must be repeated after 7 to 10 days. |
| Complications | |
| Prognosis | |
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