| ID | 176 |
|---|---|
| Name | OSTEOPOROSIS |
| Cause | |
| Signs Symptoms | |
| Diagnosis | |
| Investigations | Investigations: 1. The radiological changes are- loss of bone density reduction in the number and size of trabecule, thinning of the cortex, the upper and lower surfaces of the lumber and thoracic vertrebral bodies become biconcave and latter compression or collapse causes anterior wedging. 2. Blood for calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase- levels are normal in contrast to osteomalacia. 3. Vitamin D level. |
| Management | |
| Introduction | |
| History | |
| Etiology | |
| Clinical Features | Clinical features: The patient is generally an elderly woman, and usually there is no symptom. There may be episodes of severe pain usually due to fractures of the brittle bones often occuring after minimal trauma. More persistent backache is a later feature. There may be loss of stature, thoracic kyphosis and wedge fractures |
| Preventions | |
| Treatment | Treatment: 1. Any primary factor such as excessive corticosteroid thereapy or endocrine disease should be corrected if possible. 2. Suitable regular exercise is beneficial. The patient should remain ambulant if symptoms permit. 3. Immobilisation following a fracture should be limited to the part involved. 4. Cyclical estrogen therapy may be prescribed for otherwise healthy post menopausal women. 5. An adequate intake of vitamin and calcium should be ensured. Cow’s milk is the best source of calcium. 6. Obesity must be avoided & corrected (if any). 7. Anti-resorptic drugs, such as- bisphosphonates (e.g alendronate, ibandronic acid, risedronate, zoledronic acid) & SERM (Selective estrogen receptor modulator, e.g ipriflavone, raloxifene) drugs may be used in selected cases. |
| Complications | |
| Prognosis | |
| Types | |
| Classification | |
| Observation | |
| Pathology |
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