Acetazolamide

Indications & Dose:

• BY MOUTH

Adults: Initially 250-375mg once daily in the morning or on alternate days.

Pre-menstrual oedema

Adult: 125-375mg as a single dialy dose beginning 5-10 days before menstruation

Epilepsy:

Adults: 250-1000mg daily in divided doses.

Children: Under 2 years, 125mg daily; 2-12 years, 125-750mg daily in divided doses.

Glaucoma:

Adults: 1-4 daily in divided doses.

Children: Infants, 1/2 tab daily; 1/2-3 tabs daily in divided doses. or

Children: 8 to 30mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses. 

Contraindications:

 Pregnancy.

Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides, severe renal disease, severe hepatic disease, electrolyte imbalances (hyponatremia, hypokalemia), hyperchloremic acidosis, Addison’s disease, long-term use in narrow-angle glaucoma

Side Effects:

CNS: Anxiety, confusion, depression, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headache, nervousness, paresthesia, sedation, seizures, stimulation

EENT: Myopia, tinnitus

GI: Anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, hepatic insufficiency, melena, nausea, taste alterations, vomiting, weight loss

GU: Crystalluria, glucosuria, hypokalemia, polyuria, renal calculi, uremia

HEMS: Agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, purpura, thrombocytopenia

METAB: Hyperglycemia

SKIN: Fever, photosensitivity, pruritus, rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, urticaria

MISC: Loss of taste of carbonated beverages 

Cautions:

Precautions:

 Hypercalciuria.

Breast-feeding & old age: Use with caution.

Interaction:

Drugs

Cyclosporine: Increased trough cyclosporine levels with potential for neurotoxicity and nephropathy

Flecainide, quifzidine: Alkalinization of urine increases duinidine serum levels

Methenamine compounds: Alkalinization of urine decreases antibacterial effects

Phenytoin: Increased risk of osteomalacia

Primidone: Decreased primidone levels

Salicylates: Increased serum levels of acetazolamideCNS toxicity

Warnings:

Adverse Effects:

Lactations:

Special Precautions:

Counselling:

Side Effects Or Adverse Reactions:

Patient And Carer Advice: